Teori asam basa menurut Bronsted-Lowry:
ASAM
zat yang melepas 1 proton
(proton dilepas dalam bentuk ion \(\ce{H+}\))
\(\ce{Asam <=> Proton + Basa Konjugasi}\)
Contoh:
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{HF}}$ <=> $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa konjugasi}}{\ce{F-}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{H2SO4}}$ <=> $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa konjugasi}}{\ce{HSO4^{-}}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{HSO4-}}$ <=> $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa konjugasi}}{\ce{SO4^{2-}}}$}\)
BASA
zat yang menerima 1 proton
(proton diterima dalam bentuk ion \(\ce{H+}\))
\(\ce{Basa + Proton <=> Asam Konjugasi}\)
Contoh:
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Basa}} {\ce{NH3}}$ + $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Asam konjugasi}} {\ce{NH4+}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Basa}} {\ce{CO3^{2-}}}$ + $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Asam konjugasi}} {\ce{HCO3-}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Basa}} {\ce{HS^{-}}}$ + $\underset{\text{Proton}}{\ce{H+}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Asam konjugasi}} {\ce{H2S}}$}\)
Contoh-contoh reaksi di atas ditulis terpisah. Pada kenyataannya, reaksi asam dan basa merupakan satu reaksi gabungan yang melibatkan perpindahan proton (ion \(\ce{H+}\)) dari asam ke basa.
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{HF}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa}}{\ce{NH3}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Basa konjugasi}} {\ce{F-}}$ + $\underset{\text{Asam konjugasi}}{\ce{NH4+}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{H2SO4}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa}}{\ce{CO3^{2-}}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Basa konjugasi}} {\ce{HSO4^{-}}}$ + $\underset{\text{Asam konjugasi}}{\ce{HCO3-}}$}\)
\(\ce{$\underset {\text{Asam}} {\ce{HSO4-}}$ + $\underset{\text{Basa}}{\ce{HS^{-}}}$ <=> $\underset {\text{Basa konjugasi}} {\ce{SO4^{2-}}}$ + $\underset{\text{Asam konjugasi}}{\ce{H2S}}$}\)