Gaya Sentripetal

Gaya Sentripetal

Gaya Sentripetal

 

A. Percepatan sentripetal

Percepatan sentripetal adalah percepatan yang muncul pada benda yang bergerak melingkar.

Percepatan sentripetal selalu mengarah pada pusat lingkaran.

 

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\(a_s = \dfrac {v^2}{R} = \omega^2 \:.\: R\)

B. Gaya sentripetal

Sama seperti percepatan sentripetal, gaya sentripetal juga bekerja pada benda yang bergerak melingkar dan arahnya menuju pusat lingkaran.

 

\(F_s = m \:.\: a_s\)

\(F_s = m \:.\: \dfrac {v^2}{R} = m \:.\: \omega^2 \:.\: R\)

C. Ayunan Konis

Sebuah batu diikat pada ujung tali dan diputar horizontal seperti gambar di bawah ini:

 

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Diagram gaya

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\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_x & = m \:.\: a_s \\\\ T \sin \theta & = m \:.\: \frac {v^2}{R} \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (1)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_y & = 0 \\\\ T \cos \theta & = m \:.\: g \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (2)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

 

 

Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2)

\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \frac {\cancel{T} \sin \theta}{\cancel{T} \cos \theta} & = \frac {m \:.\: \dfrac {v^2}{R}}{m \:.\: g } \\\\ \tan \theta & = \frac {\dfrac {v^2}{R}}{g} \\\\ \tan \theta & = \frac {v^2}{g R} \\\\ v^2 & = gR \tan \theta \\\\ v & = \sqrt{gR \tan \theta} \end{split} \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \sin \theta & = \frac {R}{L} \\\\ R & = L \sin \theta \end{split} \end{equation*}

D. Tikungan jalan dengan kemiringan θ

 

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Diagram gaya

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\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_x & = m \:.\: a_s \\\\ N \sin \theta & = m \:.\: \frac {v^2}{R} \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (1)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_y & = 0 \\\\ N \cos \theta & = m \:.\: g \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (2)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

 

 

Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2)

\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
\frac {\cancel{N} \sin \theta}{\cancel{N} \cos \theta} & = \frac {\cancel{m} \:.\: \dfrac {v^2}{R}}{\cancel{m} \:.\: g } \\\\
\tan \theta & = \frac {\dfrac {v^2}{R}}{g} \\\\
\tan \theta & = \frac {v^2}{g \:.\: R} \\\\
v^2 & = g \:.\: R \:.\: \tan \theta \\\\
v & = \sqrt{g \:.\: R \:.\: \tan \theta}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}

E. Tikungan jalan dengan koefisien gesekan μ

 

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Diagram gaya

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\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_x & = m \:.\: a_s \\\\ f_s & = m \:.\: a_s \\\\ \mu_s \:.\: N & = m \:.\: \frac {v^2}{R} \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (1)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Sigma F_y & = 0 \\\\ N & = m \:.\: g \quad {\color {red} \dotso \: (2)} \end{split} \end{equation*}

 

 

Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2)

\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
\frac {\mu_s \:.\: \cancel{N}}{\cancel{N}} & = \frac {\cancel{m} \:.\: \dfrac {v^2}{R}}{\cancel{m} \:.\: g } \\\\
\mu_s & = \frac {\dfrac {v^2}{R}}{g} \\\\
\mu_s & = \frac {v^2}{g \:.\: R} \\\\
v^2 & = g \:.\: R \:.\: \mu_s \\\\
v & = \sqrt{g \:.\: R \:.\: \mu_s}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}


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